Gender Bias in Othello Essay -- Othello essays

Sexual orientation Bias in Othelloâ â â   â â Shakespeare’s sad play Othello is a terrible case of sex inclination, of sexism which exploits ladies. The three ladies characters in the dramatization are all, in their own particular manners, casualties of men’s slanted perspectives with respect to ladies. Let us dive into this point in this paper.  Barbara A. Mowat and Paul Werstine remark in the Introduction to Shakespeare: Othello that sexism is a major factorâ in the play:  Now in our human advancement the play’s interest and its shock might be more noteworthy than at any other time since we have been made so touchy to the issues of race, class, and sexual orientation that are woven into the surface of Othello. [. . .] The issue of sex is particularly recognizable in the last scenes of the play †with the assaults on Bianca, Emilia, and Desdemona †which are clear tokens of how horrible the force generally applied by men over ladies can be. (xiii-xiv)  In the initial scene, while Iago is communicating his contempt for the general Othello for his having picked Michael Cassio for the lieutenancy, he creates an arrangement to mostly vindicate himself (â€Å"I tail him to serve my chance upon him†), with Roderigo’s help, by cautioning Desdemona’s father, Brabantio, to the reality of his daughter’s elopement with Othello: â€Å"Call up her dad,/Rouse him: make after him, poison his pleasure [. . .].† Implied in this move is the reality of a father’s accepted authority over the daughter’s decision of a marriage accomplice. Brabantio’s caution to Roderigo verifiably communicates a similar message:  The worser welcome:  â â â I have charged thee not to frequent about my entryways:  â â â In fair modesty thou hast heard me state  â â â My girl isn't for th... ...on: Twayne Publishers, 1985.  Mack, Maynard. Everybody’s Shakespeare: Reflections Chiefly on the Tragedies. Lincoln, NB: University of Nebraska Press, 1993.  Mowat, Barbara A. furthermore, Paul Werstine, ed. Presentation. Shakespeare: Othello. New York: Washington Square Press, 1993.  Pitt, Angela. â€Å"Women in Shakespeare’s Tragedies.† Readings on The Tragedies. Ed. Clarice Swisher. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1996. Reproduce from Shakespeare’s Women. N.p.: n.p., 1981.  Shakespeare, William. Othello. In The Electric Shakespeare. Princeton University. 1996. http://www.eiu.edu/~multilit/studyabroad/othello/othello_all.html No line nos.  Wayne, Valerie. â€Å"Historical Differences: Misogyny and Othello.† The Matter of Difference: Materialist Feminist Criticism of Shakespeare. Ed Valerie Wayne. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1991. Â

Plastic Bags

A huge number of expendable plastic sacks are utilized and disposed of in Washington every year. A stranded dim whale was found in West Seattle in 2010 with 20 plastic sacks in its stomach. Little bits of plastic can ingest poisonous contaminations like DDT and PCB. Researchers have discovered that fish are ingesting these poisons when they ingest plastic, gathering the synthetic substances in the evolved way of life. There is a decent possibility that we likewise retain these contaminations when we eat fish. The uplifting news is, Washingtonians are making a move to secure the Sound. In 2009, Edmonds turned into the primary city in the state to boycott plastic bags.In 2011, six different urban areas joined the exertion. Bellingham, Mukilteo, Seattle, Bainbridge Island, Port Townsend, and Issaquah all restricted the sack, fundamentally eliminating the measure of plastic streaming into Puget Sound. Today, handfuls more networks are thinking about comparable enactment, including Olympi a. Nearby bans have a quick effect and are an incredible startâ€but we can’t stop until packs are restricted statewide. At the point when plastic sacks are a piece of blended recyclables, they get trapped in hardware, closing down reusing operations.Responding to an Environment Washington Research and Policy Center overview, 70 percent of Washington reusing organizations need plastic packs out of the waste stream. Curbside reusing in some of Washington’s urban communities permits the incorporation of plastic packs in blended recyclables however this really messes up the reusing offices. †¢ Over portion of Washington’s reusing offices don't acknowledge plastic packs. For those offices, 83% revealed that their reusing stream was tainted with plastic sacks and it was causing issues. At the point when plastic sacks dirty blended recyclables, they get tangled in recyclers’ apparatus, making plants shut down. †¢ Some reusing plants in Washington ga uge burning through 20 to 30 percent of their work costs expelling plastic packs from their Puget Sound is a key fortune. It is integral to Washington’s culture and our occupation. Harbor seals play inside our straights and a great many salmon clear their path through the Sound each year to produce. Three jeopardized cases of occupant orcas visit the Sound all the time. Seabirds assemble on our sea shores and in our arbors, belting out their natural cries. Furthermore, underneath the waves, the ocean bottom The issue isn't restricted to Puget Sound. Overall. 4 About one thousand miles off the Washington coast, in excess of 100 million tons of plastic trash has amassed in a zone known as the Great Pacific Garbage Patch. 5 Churned by sea flows, this harmful, plastic soup traverses a territory double the size of Texas. 6 Within this zone, plastic exceeds microscopic fish by up to multiple times during certain imes of the day. 7 apparatus †on the request for $1,000 every day . †¢ More than 70 percent of Washington recyclers need dispensable plastic packs out of the waste framework. China acknowledges the greater part of all recovered plastic packs for reusing, and that number is rising. †¢ Plastic sack reusing plants in China open laborers to harmful exhaust, make a murkiness that hangs over towns, and dirty groundwater sources. Customers acquire their own packs numerous pieces of the world. Washington can follow this model and boycott sacks. †¢ Nothing we use for a couple of moments should wind up tainting our seas for a long time. Since reusing endeavors have demonstrated deficient, Washington’s metro pioneers should boycott single-utilize plastic packs. Scientists at the University of Washington-Tacoma have discovered plastic contamination in each water test they have taken from Puget Sound. In any event 20 countries and 88 nearby governments have passed bans on conveying dainty plastic or different kinds of expendable plastic s acks, Approximately 26 countries and neighborhood networks have built up charge projects to decrease plastic pack use as well as increment the utilization of reusable other options, After Washington, D. C. , mplemented an a lot littler 5-penny charge on plastic sacks, the quantity of plastic packs circulated by food retailers tumbled from 22. 5 million every month to 3. 3 million every month. Edmonds was the primary city in Washington to boycott plastic sacks, receiving a boycott in 2009. †¢ More as of late, Bellingham embraced a prohibition on slender plastic convey home sacks and a 5 pennies charge on paper packs in July 2011. †¢ Other urban communities, including Seattle, Lake Forest Park, and Mukilteo, are effectively considering pack bans. To have a genuine effect, all Washington urban communities and regions ought to confine the utilization of plastic sacks, and dvocate for comparative activity at the state level Work Citation Krehbiel, Robb. â€Å"Report: Keep Plas tic Out of Puget Sound. † A Solution Not in the Bag. Condition Washington Research and Policy Center, Jan. 2012. Web. 24 Feb. 2013. Krehbiel, Robb. â€Å"Report: Keep Plastic Out of Puget Sound. † Keeping Plastic out of Puget Sound. Condition Washington Research and Policy Center, Nov. 2011. Web. 24 Feb. 2013. Krehbiel, Bobb. â€Å"News Release. † New Report: Recycling Cannot Solve Plastic Bag Problem. Condition Washington Research and Policy Center, 14 Feb. 2011. Web. 25 Feb. 2013.

European Union (different policies) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

European Union (various strategies) - Essay Example The European Council have consented to stretch out the EU degree to nations in the South and East Europe including Croatia, Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, Kosovo and Turkey (European Commission). These applicants are then given monetary help so they can present the vital political, financial and institutional changes in accordance with the EU standard (European Commission). It accommodates financial change prompting monetary development and better work possibilities (European Commission). One of the vital tracks for the territorial augmentation is the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU). This is especially done by having one money which is the Euro. The reception of the Euro is the perfection of the three phases of financial arrangement (Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.). However, preceding embracing the Euro, a part state must have its money in the European Exchange Rate Mechanism (ERM II) for a long time (Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.). Up until now, sixteen of the individuals have embraced the Euro. Just the United Kingdom, Denmark and Sweden have not acknowledged the third stage they despite everything utilize their own cash. To seek after an economical development in agribusiness, the EU embraced an essential change of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). The new CAP will be equipped towards buyers and citizens, while giving EU ranchers the opportunity to deliver what the market needs (European Commission). This will make a 'solitary homestead installments' which will be connected to the regard of natural, sanitation and creature government assistance norms (European Commission). To give a lot of power to the Member state to administer creation, they may decide to keep up a restricted connection among sponsorship and creation under all around characterized conditions and inside clear cutoff points (European Commission). The Europan association has high longs for financial success among its individuals, being the biggest local economy on the planet. The inquiry anyway is what might befall the diaparity betweena nd among the Member States. There are two restricting hypotheses to take a gander at: the assembly hypothesis which predicts that nations will level out later on and the aggregate causation which will fuel disparity and financial contrasts. With the manner in which the EU underpins its individuals, we see that union is bound to occur, particularly that the more unfortunate nations are allowed to reinforce their economy before at long last doing coordinate exchange and contact with other Member States. This essential groundwork for all EU individuals is the thing that separates the European Union from other provincial financial gathering. Envioronmental Policy The European Union accepts that nature is fundamental for the personal satisfaction of present and people in the future (SCADPlus). The EU's needs are battling environmental change, ensuring biodiversity, lessening the effect of contamination on wellbeing and better utilization of common assets (SCADPlus). Since environmental change presents extraordinary risk to the whole district, the EU has defined arrangements in fighting them. Beginning from the European Climate Change Program, the European Union has thought of sensible environmental change techniques pushing down to earth activity to keep temperatures from expanding to

The Battle of Shiloh

The Battle of Shiloh (otherwise called the Battle of Pittsburgh Landing), was known to be a significant fight in the American Civil War. It was battled on April 6 and April 7, 1862 in southwestern Tennessee, where powers under Confederate Generals Albert Sidney Johnston and P. G. T. Beauregard organized an unexpected assault against the Union Army troops of Major General Ulysses S. Award and nearly crushed his military units. The Battle of Shiloh was likewise viewed as the costliest military commitment inside the American Civil War.The American Civil War originated from the tangled issues of servitude and conflicting points of view on federalism, party governmental issues, expansionism, sectionalism, financial aspects and modernization during the Antebellum Period, or the fierce years preceding the American Civil War. The Antebellum Period saw the rise of the Industrial Revolution in America. A significant part of the country's development was realized by innovative headways, a huge British interest for cotton and a rush of Midwestern settlement that made open doors for provincial specialization and trade.However, the Industrial Revolution in America likewise regulated dark subjugation. Huge cotton manors were work concentrated, making an enormous requirement for slave laborers. At the tallness of cotton creation in the United States, about 40% of the Southern populace comprised of dark slaves. The level of slaves ascended as high as 64% in South Carolina in 1720 and 55% in Mississippi in 1810 and 1860. With everything taken into account, over 36% of all the New World slaves in 1825 were in the southern United States.These slaves were exposed to wretched working and day to day environments, for example, starvation, poor lodging insufficient attire remittances, exhaust and physical and sexual maltreatment from their lords. Numerous Northerners, particularly the pioneers of the Republican Party (built up in 1854), thought about subjugation as a grave social sick and accepted that proprietors of enormous Southern estates were liable for its advancement. In any case, Southerners were rather stressed over the relative political decay of their locale on the grounds that the North was increasingly dynamic as far as populace and mechanical output.As the North and the South's social orders separated, so did their territorial personalities. The North delighted in a quickly developing economy realized by family cultivates, industry, mining, trade and transportation, with a quickly developing urban populace (took care of by a high birth rate and huge quantities of European foreigners) and no bondage outside the Border States. In the mean time, the South was commanded by the settled estate framework worked through subjugation, with a fast populace development dependent on high birth rates and low movement from Europe.Overall, the Northern populace developed substantially more rapidly than the Southern populace, which made it progressively hard for the South to proceed with its predominance of the national government. In spite of the fact that slave proprietors controlled the locale's governmental issues and financial matters, 66% of the Southern whites who were chosen into open office didn't claim slaves and were typically occupied with resource farming. Henceforth, it was hazy in the event that they would bolster the ranch proprietors in propagating slavery.Both the North and the South were impacted by the thoughts of Thomas Jefferson, the third President of the United States and the chief creator of the Declaration of Independence. The South accentuated the states' privileges (from the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions) and the privilege of transformation (from the Declaration of Independence), while the North underlined Jefferson's revelation that all men are made equivalent. Be that as it may, the conjunction of a slave-claiming South with an undeniably abolitionist servitude North made clash unavoidable.The Compromise of 18 50 was ordered as an endeavor to determine the regional and bondage contentions emerging from the Mexican-American War (1846-1848). Despite the fact that the Compromise of 1850 conceded California as a free express (a state in the before the war United States where subjugation was either precluded or dispensed with after some time) because of the California Gold Rush of 1849, it decided that the status of the remainder of the domains procured from the Mexican-American War (Utah, Nevada, Texas and parts of Wyoming, Colorado, New Mexico and Arizona) will be resolved through famous sovereignty.Hence, banters over sectionalism and the Fugitive Slave Laws (at set of laws passed by the United States Congress in 1793 and 1850 to accommodate the arrival of slaves who got away from one state into another or into an open region) got pervasive. In 1845, the Kansas-Nebraska Act directed that each new condition of the Union will choose its position on servitude. This end up being shocking for Ka nsas, as it was home to both master and abolitionist subjugation groups, with the previous rising successful on the bondage debate.The strain between the two gatherings had just heightened to the point that the confirmation of Kansas into the Union in 1861 prompted the surfacing of various enemy of abolitionist developments that embrace bigot conclusions that are as yet pervasive up right up 'til today. Abraham Lincoln, a frank rival of subjection in the United States, was chosen president in 1860. After he expected the administration, 11 Southern states withdrew from the Union between late 1860 and 1861 and set up a renegade government, the Confederate States of America, on February 9, 1861.On April 12, 1861, Confederate General P. G. T. Beauregard started shooting upon Fort Sumter in South Carolina, denoting the beginning of the American Civil War. Be that as it may, with the loss of Forts Henry and Donelson in February 1862, Johnston withdrew his dampened Confederate powers into west Tennessee, northern Mississippi and Alabama to rearrange. As a reaction, Grant shipped his 58,000-in number Army of West Tennessee into southwest Tennessee from March 1 to April 5, 1862. He at that point settled at Pittsburgh Landing and sat tight for Major General Don Carlos Buell's Army of the Ohio from Nashville.According to directions from Union Major General Henry W. Halleck, Grant and Buell’s powers will converge in a joint hostile to hold onto the Memphis-Charleston Railroad. It was the Confederacy’s most dependable gracefully course, connecting the lower Mississippi Valley to urban communities on the Confederacy's east coast. So as to safeguard the Memphis-Charleston Railroad, Johnston and Beauregard shipped 55,000 Confederates to Corinth as right on time as March 1, 1862. Corinth was the western Confederacy's most significant rail intersection, as it was deliberately found where the Memphis-Charleston crossed the Mobile-Ohio Railroad.Realizing that Buell would before long strengthen Grant, Johnston progressed towards Pittsburg Landing on April 3, 1862 with his recently initiated Army of the Mississippi. Notwithstanding, precipitation and awful streets deferred his development. Johnston propelled an unexpected assault on the Federals on the beginning of April 6, 1862. Being unfortified, the Federals were effectively encircled. By early in the day, the Confederates figured out how to overwhelm one bleeding edge Union division and catch its camp. Be that as it may, Johnston's unit met hardened opposition from the Federal right, which brought about a savage battle around Shiloh Church.Johnston's military battered the Federal right all for the duration of the day. In spite of the fact that the Federal right didn't surrender, various losses followed. Johnston kicked the bucket at mid-evening after he was struck somewhere near a wanderer projectile while coordinating the activity on the Confederate right. In the interim, Johnston's touchin g attack was buried before Sarah Bell's peach plantation and the thick oak shrubbery the Confederates marked as the â€Å"Hornet's Nest. † For seven vital hours, Grant's left outskirt persevered through Confederate assaults before being compelled to yield ground later in the afternoon.The Confederates just drove Grant towards the stream, rather than away from it, in spite of causing substantial losses and holding onto ground. Before supper, the Federal survivors have set up a strong front before Pittsburgh Landing and revolted the last Confederate charge. The Union at last got the advantage on April 7, 1862. The prior night, General Buell's Federal Army of the Ohio arrived at Pittsburgh Landing and situated itself on the Union left. The Federal Army of Ohio united with a save division from Grant's military, drove by Major General Lewis Wallace. This merger included more than 22,500 fortifications into the Union lines.Despite being gotten ill-equipped, Beauregard still figured out how to energize 30,000 of his seriously disarranged Confederates and stage a determined barrier. In spite of the fact that Beauregard's soldiers incidentally ended the decided Union development, quality in numbers gave Grant a conclusive favorable position. As floods of new Federal soldiers cleared forward by mid-evening, the depleted Confederates were squeezed back to Shiloh Church. Understanding the risk his military was confronting, Beauregard requested a retreat. The significantly muddled Confederates pulled back to their sustained fortress at Corinth. Yet, the Federals despite everything prevailing with regards to vanquishing Corinth.The Battle of Shiloh prompted the destruction of the Confederate Army and the disappointment of Johnston's arrangements to forestall the joining of the two Union armed forces in Tennessee. Association setbacks were evaluated to have arrived at 13,047 (1,754 slaughtered, 8,408 injured, and 2,885 missing); Grant's military alone prompted 1,513 e xecuted, 6,601 injured, and 2,830 missing or caught officers. On the Confederates' side, setbacks came to up to 10,699 (1,728 murdered, 8,012 injured, and 959 missing or caught). This aggregate of 23,746 fatalities was evaluated to be more prominent than those of the American Revolution, the War of 1812, and the Mexican-American War combined.The Battle of Shiloh was exceptionally critical to the American Civil War as in it made sure about the Unionists' situation on the Western front. Subsequent to winning the Battle of Shiloh, Grant had the option to proceed with his drive towards Corinth and assume responsibility for the Memphis-Charleston Railroad. The Union takeover of the Memphis-Charleston Railroad prepared for their victor

Pericles Funeral Oration - Thucydides Version

Pericles Funeral Oration - Thucydides Version Pericles burial service address is a discourse composed by Thucydides for his history of the Peloponnesian War. Pericles conveys the discourse not exclusively to cover the dead, however to laud vote based system. Pericles, an incredible supporter of majority rule government, was a Greek chief and legislator during the Peloponnesian War. He was so significant for Athens that his name characterizes the age Periclean (The Age of Pericles), a period when Athens reconstructed what had been devastated during the ongoing war with Persia (the Greco-Persian or Persian Wars). The individuals of Athens, including those from the field whose land was being ravaged by their adversaries, were kept in jam-packed conditions inside the dividers of Athens. Close to the beginning of the Peloponnesian War, a plague cleared the city. We dont know without a doubt what the plague infection was. An ongoing best estimate is Typhoid Fever. At any rate, Pericles surrendered to and passed on from this plague. [Thucydides on the Plague] Preceding the diseases pulverization, Athenians were at that point biting the dust because of the war. Pericles conveyed an awakening discourse praising popular government on the event of burial services, not long after the beginning of the war. Thucydides intensely upheld Periclesâ but was less excited about the organization of majority rule government. Under the hands of Pericles, Thucydides figured vote based system could be controlled, yet without him, it could be risky. In spite of Thucydides demeanor towards vote based system, the discourse he places in Pericles mouth underpins the majority rule type of government. Thucydides, who composed his Periclean discourse for his History of the Peloponnesian War, promptly concedes his addresses are just approximately dependent on memory so shouldnt be taken as a verbatim report. In the discourse, Pericles says: Majority rule government permits men to progress in view of legitimacy rather than riches or acquired class.In a vote based system, residents carry on legally while doing what they like unafraid of prying eyes.In a vote based system, there is equivalent equity for all in private questions. This intently looks like the official mentality of those cutting edge countries that favor vote based system. Thucydides composes: Our constitution doesn't duplicate the laws of neighboring states; we are preferably an example to others over imitators ourselves. Its organization favors the numerous rather than the couple of; this is the reason it is known as a majority rules system. On the off chance that we look to the laws, they bear the cost of equivalent equity to all in their private contrasts; if no social standing, progression in open life tumbles to notoriety for limit, class contemplations not being permitted to meddle with merit; nor again does neediness bar the way, if a man can serve the state, he isn't obstructed by the lack of clarity of his condition. The opportunity which we appreciate in our legislature stretches out additionally to our conventional life. There, a long way from practicing a desirous observation over one another, we don't feel called upon to be irate with our neighbor for doing what he loves, or even to enjoy those harmful looks which can't neglect to be hostile, despite the fact that they deliver no positive punishment. Be that as it may, this simplicity in our private relations doesn't make us uncivilized as residents. Against this dread is our central defend, instructing us to comply with the judges and the laws, especially, for example, respect the assurance of the harmed, regardless of whether they are quite the rule book, or have a place with that code which, albeit unwritten, yet can't be broken without recognized disfavor. Source:Pericles Funeral Oration Highlights on Democracy in Ancient Greece and the Rise of Democracy Old Writers on Democracy AristotleThucydides by means of Pericles Funeral OrationPlatos ProtagorasAeschinesIsocratesHerodotus Compares Democracy With Oligarchy and MonarchyPseudo-Xenophon

Effect Of Violent Video Games - Free Essay Example

Violence in video games has become a hot topic for people to dispute. As the popularity of video games has increased, so has the conversations. Arguments range from blaming these games for some of our countries worst tragedies involving violent acts to video games actually reducing crime rates and violence. Many studies have been done regarding both sides however, most of the studies about why they are a problem are flawed and embellished to get people to begin fights or arguments against fictional video games. These games are not the root of our issues of crime and violence in America. They are just something that is easy to blame so our country doesnt have to deal with our other immense issues. Many factors contribute to why some of our worst tragedies have happened, but video games are not one of them. With the increased school shootings and the horrifying stories people hear about crimes committed in the U.S., people are quick to try and find one specific thing to blame even though that is rarely the case. They like to stray away from the big issue we may have as a society and blame the little things instead. People will make up anything to get people to take action in order to support their own personal beliefs and causes. There are hundreds of studies done for both the positive and negative sides of this issue. First, one of the main arguments people see as negative against violent video games is that people who have committed violent acts have a history of playing violent video games. On the surface this may make sense, but this is an invalid argument because almost all young men partake in playing video games, therefore the fact that people who have committed these violent crimes have also played video games is not shocking. Instead, it is to be expected but this is not enough to prove that they are linked with each other to have any significant relationship. Many also argue that playing violent video games results in higher rates of aggression, violence, and bullying. However, sales of violent video games are constantly, significantly increasing, but the crime rates for violent juvenile actions have decreased immensely. For example, total US sales of video game hardware and software increased 204% from 1994 to 2014, reaching $13.1 billion in 2014, while violent crimes decreased 37% and murders by juveniles acting alone fell 76% in that same period. (Violent Video Games ProCon.org.) Another negative aspect people believe is that the more children play and pretend to be these violent characters in the games, the higher their chances are of practicing these same behaviors and struggling to differentiate their own reality from the violent fantasy world created. (Violent Video Games ProCon.org.) Contrary to this belief, due to psychological development, at age 7, children can understand the difference between virtual game violence and what vi olence in the real world is like. (Violent Video Games ProCon.org.) Children are exposed to all kinds of fantasy shows and movies growing up that go beyond video games. Therefore, identifying this as a reason for banning violent video games does not have much support. Studies have been done relating the importance of fantasy to childhood and how it is a positive aspect in life for youth. A quote from the toy company Fisher Price says Pretending is more than play: its a major part of a childs development. Fantasy not only develops creative thinking, its also a way for children to deal with situations and problems that concern them. (Violent Video Games ProCon.org.) Violent video games should not be banned because they are not a significant issue in our society. The U.S. supreme court has ruled since 2011, time and time again when these cases are presented to them that there is no research or evidence that these virtual games are what causes minors to act aggressively. (Ferguson, Christopher J.) Some studies have even gone to say that having these video games keeps kids out of trouble and are viewed as a positive. They are busy doing other things theyre interested in instead of being out and about getting into actual trouble. These games could also be used as an outlet for some of their aggression instead of pursuing violent acts in real life. (Scutti, Susan.) Furthermore, the number of young males who play these videos games is so large that the small fraction who go on to commit violent acts is almost nothing and insignificant. There are multiple different factors for why the kids who pursue violent acts pursue them but violent video games do not seem to correlate. However, all of the negative arguments fail to remember these factors exist. For example, theres things such as physiological disorders, family issues, mental health problems, and bullying that are important contributors to why people pursue violent acts and crimes. The media likes to dramatize events that occur to create worry or panic in parents and our society as a whole. The media likes to portray the idea that these video games containing violence are why we have any violent acts occurring by the youth in our country; even though scientists have disproved these ideas and theories multiple times. (Violent Video Games Should Not Be Banner.) By allowing these video games to be sold and disrupted we will get many rewards in return. For instance, the increasing sales of video games does nothing but good things for our economy. Another positive to keep producing these games is that it gives kids who may be aggressive an outlet for their aggression without harming anyone or themselves and getting into any real trouble. In addition, a study was done to determine the effects of these games on our brains and the results would shock most. The study stated that video games can be help stimulate and advance our cognitive abilities and the most effective type to do this is violent video games. These effects arent just cognitive either, they can also improve our vision skills, create pro-social behavior and higher rates of life satisfaction. (The Globe and Mail) However, the same goes for these games as anything else, when its done in moderation the effects are greatest. These games have also been tested on older populations and results came back showing that they were increasing their working memory and attention span. All of this information has come from multiple neuroscience labs and various scientists. (The Globe and Mail) Scientific research has proved many times that violent videos games have no substantially negative effects on people who play them. This argument is supported across researches everywhere and it is even supported by the U.S. supreme court who has ruled many times that there is no evidence to support a case against these games. These games have to the potential to generate many good things for our society and are not responsible for the tragedies we u nfortunately have experienced. Many personal factors are the reasons people engage in violent acts or crimes in our country. Trying to accuse these virtual games of causing our greatest issues in our society is just a way of avoiding handing a much larger issue.

Expressive Essay Topics Ideas

Expressive Essay Topics Ideas Vital Pieces of Expressive Essay Topics Is the sort of essay you may want to write after you graduate from high school. Look at these sources for additional assistance and inspiration on how best to compose a descriptive essay. Rather than talking about different forms of essay for each and every instruction. To offer you an assortment of writing topics and model essays. With what has been gathered, somebody may then compose a comprehensive essay concerning the exchange. For a person to successfully compose an expressive essay, the person must be in a position to gather a properly structured expressive essay. For a person to compose an expressive essay, the person must have the ability to gather a properly structured expressive essay. Expressive Essay Topics Explained There are different kinds of. Every person is defined by his character and personality. however, it also cannot be denied that folks look in the nature and kind of the house, which shows the other intricate details of an individual's being. There's a pool of subjects to select from. Art therapy is a sort of activity therapy that may be difficult to define because it's such a wide term and there are several professionals who have differing thoughts and views about what it is and what it's used for. The Argument About Expressive Essay Topics According to Synder (1997), occasiona lly a customer may discover that it's desirable to use interpretation and there are several distinctive approaches. The easiest method is to select the most interesting one first, and generate a brief outline of information. Any information that will make a credible image for your interviewee will be critical. For instance, if the paper has a necessary word count or page count, return over the preliminary outline to find out whether there's an ideal quantity of information included. Statistics and specific data may also be helpful as you argue your principal point. There are 3 methods that may be utilized in providing explanation for informative essay. There are then model answers on these pages for different sorts of. There are a number of ways to compose the introduction to an essay. You, as you are writing a guide or essay, have more options. Be reminded of the conventional sections of an essay and be certain to apply it to your own work. Keeping an essay below a word limit can on occasion be equally as difficult as etc in an attachment at the close of the essay to prevent overwhelming the reader. An under-valued part of essay writing is it can be part of our. Format The essay should begin with an opening paragraph and end it using a closing paragraph. The essay conclusion confirms to the overall writing style of the entire essay and repeats the principal points. Before writing any form of academic paper, it is very important to choose the subject, and the persuasive essay isn't the exception. If you're scared of speaking in public, writing a persuasive essay for a specific audience is the best way to eradicate this fear. Next, it's essential to incorporate the important tips that you have acquired from your interview. You could possibly be given the topic straight away by your professor, or you could be free to pick the topic yourself. Taking into account that lots of persuasive essays concern controversial topics, before writing, you can want to sit down and think of what your opinion on the topic actually is. Writing an argumentative essay is a skill that anyone in school should know, even though it can be useful outside the classroom, also. For instance, the introduction should grab your reader's interest. The topic can be anything provided that the writing expresses personal ideas and feelings. The very first sentence of your introduction is the very first chance a writer has to capture the interest of the. It is possible to discuss a particular belief, but y ou have to have the ability to support with facts and other info regarding your belief. You should also be in a position to describe an exceptional location. There's some evidence that expressive writing could possibly be contraindicated for people who are not able to express emotions. Some people decide to visit the library and look for facts on a particular subject, while others like to concentrate on gathering information through personal statements.

The Ethical Dilemma Of Enron Essay - 1404 Words

Enron was formed in 1985 following the merger of Houston Natural Gas Co. and InterNorth Co. The Chairman Kenneth Lay, CEO Jeffrey Skilling, and CFO Andrew Fastow were the backbone of Enron during its growth period. These executives exercised their power and expertise to unethically â€Å"increase† Enron’s profits by hiding the company’s debt. The ethical dilemma that Kenneth Lay and Jeffrey Skilling faced was whether to let their stakeholders know how poorly the company was doing, or to hide the debt. They chose to cut corners and falsify information that would later come back to get them in trouble. Enron had millions of stakeholders that believed and had trust in the company. According to USA TODAY, in 2000 Enron had around 21,000 employees and 754.3 million shares outstanding at its peak price of $83 per share. The company made most of their profits by transporting their gas product to utility companies through pipelines at fair market value. Enron also provid ed electricity to the Northwestern side of the United States and communications for its wholesale and retail customers globally. The textbook states that â€Å"From 1998 to 2000 alone, Enron’s revenues grew from about $31 billion to more than $100 billion†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Enron had declared a â€Å"net income of $979 million† in 2000, but a bankruptcy examiner reported that Enron had â€Å"really earned just $42 million.† That examiner also found that even though Enron had claimed $3 billion in cash flow from that year, â€Å"the company actually had aShow MoreRelatedEnron - Ethical Dilemma Essay1129 Words   |  5 PagesEthical decision making: A dilemma Ethical issues have greatly transformed in our lives since the great Enron, Xerox and other huge corporations proposed big profits showing earnings of billions of dollars and yet in reality facing bankruptcy. These corporations faced great trouble with the federals and state for manipulating financial statements. But not only corporations can be blamed on this, accounting firms were involved in this as much as the corporations were. With the business standRead MoreManagerial Ethics: Enron Case Study1392 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction The book The Smartest Guys in the Room describes the Enron fraud case. Enron, the Houston-based energy trading company committed systematic fraud over the course of several years before finally being subject to investigation. Ultimately, the company was shut down and the principals were prosecuted. There is, in essence, no real ethical dilemma in the Enron case. A true ethical dilemma would have a dilemma component, whereas Enron was outright criminal behavior from the outset. NeverthelessRead MoreEnrons Business Ethics Failure1485 Words   |  6 PagesContent 1. Overview ............................................................................................3 2. The Fall of Enron ...............................................................................4 3. Enrons ethical dilemmas ..................................................................6 4. Conslucions .......................................................................................7 5. Bibliography .....................................................Read MoreThe Rise and Fall of Energy Giant, Enron Essay1540 Words   |  7 PagesThe Rise and fall of energy giant ‘ENRON’ Introduction: The main aim of this essay is to analyse business ethics in the context of the Enron scandal. Enron scandal became notorious for violating ethical standards. There are several business motives involved in the rise and fall of Enron. In today’s world, adopting ethical standards is a must for a company to protect shareholder’s interest. Even though the rules of playing business are obvious, still several companies adopt short cut mechanismsRead MoreEnrons Ethical Dilemma1118 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Enrons Ethical Dilemma: Ethical and moral issues have received substantial focus in the modern society because of the recent cases in which huge corporations with big profits and earnings have faced bankruptcy. Enron is an example of corporations that have faced bankruptcy in the recent past because of the numerous problems it had with federal and state governments for manipulation of financial statements. While these problems are not only attributed to organizational issues, accounting firmsRead MoreEthical Principles : Ethics, And My General Ethical Philosophy1295 Words   |  6 Pagestheir moral instincts in an atmosphere, but ethics is much more than that. The best way to interpret ethics, and my general ethical philosophy, is to look at your beliefs and think about your reaction if those beliefs were challenged. My ethics are the norms that I follow which allow me to carry out all of my decisions and the way I live my life. We are not born with ethical principles; they are thrown together over time by our elders and those that influence us. Over time, these principles makeRead MoreThe Ethics Of Enron Scandal1017 Words   |  5 PagesThe Dilemma Often an ethical dilemma does not appear abruptly but can rather be the proverbial slow boiling of a frog as they say. Enron was an economic powerhouse in the early to late 90’s. Its financial success was due to a great understanding of the opportunities available in the energy market due to deregulation across the country. The company was founded on sound financial principles which turned to illegal recklessness over time. Key personnel succumbed to unethical pressures which built upRead MoreA Discussion On Ethics And Law Essay1635 Words   |  7 Pages Enron, a Discussion on Ethics and Law Leadership’s Role in Ethical Dilemma As documented in a promotional video for Enron, Kenneth Lay states: â€Å"Enron is a company that deals with everyone with absolute integrity. We play by all the rules. . . We want people to leave a transaction with Enron thinking they have been dealt with in the highest possible way, as far as integrity and truthfulness and really doing our business right.† (Enron Vision and Values, 1998, 3:32) Whereas this message was intendedRead MoreCultural Values and Personal Ethics Paper1129 Words   |  5 Pagespersonal values and ethics may clash with those of their employer. As an example, as an individual, a persons ethical guidelines might require honesty, integrity and respect. If that individual works for a company that does not necessarily operate under those same tenets, the employee may well face an ethical dilemma. This paper looks into how personal values, organizational values and ethical values come into play in the decision-making process. Personal Values Ones personal values are acquiredRead MoreLack of Ethical Behavior in the Cases of Bernie Madoff and Enron676 Words   |  3 Pages Ethical behavior is behavior that a person considers to be appropriate. A person’s moral principals are shaped from birth, and developed overtime throughout the person’s life. There are many factors that can influence what a person believes whats is right, or what is wrong. Some factors are a person’s family, religious beliefs, culture, and experiences. In business it is of great importance for an employee to understand how to act ethically to prevent a company from being sued

The Issue Of The Abortion - 1597 Words

Defining the issue There are about 31 abortions per 100 live births in Canada: 330,000 live births and 100,000 abortions each year. Top reasons for getting an abortion are: relationship issues, financial issues, ‘not being ready’, emotional issues, birth control failure, and genetic reasons. The abortion rate has increased each year. History of the issue Canada is currently one of few nations where no legal restrictions on aboritons exist today. It has been 143 years since abortion was first criminalized. The first recorded evidence of an abortion dates back to 1550 B.C.E. In 1892 the criminal code made it illegal for a physician to procure a miscarriage and or for a woman to self induce an abortion. The penalty was life of imprisonment for the person. The law states that it would only be legal is if it was necessary to save the woman s life. In 1938, laws were changed that â€Å"an abortion could be performed in good faith to protect the life and health of the mother, and that no clear distinction could be made between a threat to life and threat to health†. In 1969 laws were introduced to legalize abortion under certain measures. The bill changed the laws so that abortion would still be illegal, but therapeutic abortions would be accepted if passed by 3 physicians who would determine whether a woman s health was at risk. The 5 ways were: danger to life, danger to health, eugenic (fetal distress), criminological or juridical (rape and incest), and socio-economic. AnotherShow MoreRelatedThe Issue Of Abortion And Abortion Essay1567 Words   |  7 Pages The issue of abortion is a controversial one; there are arguments on both sides of the debate. In 1973 the national case of Roe v. Wade, sparked political decisions that created a national right to abortion. Further, Roe v. Wade declared that unborn children are not `persons nor are they entitled to the same constitutional protection as `born children (Baird, Rosenbaum, 2001). However, Roe v. Wade did not end the debate, nor, did it stop both sides for continuing the fight for their individualRead MoreAbortion Is A Issue Of Abortion1697 Words   |  7 PagesAbortion is a very touchy subject in our society. In the U.S. it is legal to abort a fetus up until the twenty fourth week. An abortion is the ending of a pregnancy before birth, which results in the death of an embryo or a fetus. Many people consider abortion as cruel as murder. Although some say abortion is in there own hands and is there own decision, others believe that no one but God has the right to take someone else s li fe. People that support abortion do not consider an unborn fetus a personRead MoreAbortion : The Issue Of Abortion1411 Words   |  6 Pages â€Å"Abortion is one of the most common medical procedures performed in the United States each year† (Abortion Overview and History). It is the termination of a human pregnancy, which is often performed during the first twenty-eight weeks of pregnancy. The topic of abortion seems to be a major issue in todays time. There are many people who are for it and many people who are against it. Religion has a lot to do with the side that people take on this issue. Many people see abortion as committing murderRead MoreThe Issue Of Abortion And Abortion876 Words   |  4 PagesAbortion is one of the most debatable and controversial issues that exists in our society. An abortion is a medical procedure that terminates a pregnancy before 24 weeks. People who call themselves Pro-Life feel that it is the government’s responsibility to preserv e all life, regardless of concerns for the pregnant woman’s health, or for the quality of the life of the child. The Pro-Choice argument feels that a woman should have the choice when it comes to what they wish to do with their own reproductiveRead MoreThe Issue Of Abortion And Abortion1115 Words   |  5 Pagesjust give you up and kill you? Approximately 125,000 abortions occur per day. 1.1 million U.S. abortions each year. Nearly 1 in 4 (22%) of pregnancies end in abortion. 50% of women now seeking abortion have had at least one previous abortion. The U.S. abortion rate is among the highest of developed countries. 51% of abortions are performed on women less than 25 years of age. Approximately 1/3 of American women have had an abortion by age 45. Abortion disproportionately affects black and Hispanic womenRead MoreAbortion : The Issue Of Abortion Essay777 Words   |  4 Pagestheir whole future is demolished. In today society, the issue of abortion is very controversial i n the United States. Abortion is the ending of the early pregnancy. Many people said that aborting or killing an unwanted child is should be against the law. Everyone has the right to live, whether it’s a fetus, an embryo or just a newly fertilized egg; Abortion is a murder, and it should be illegal because it’s killing a helpless human being. Abortion is one of usual medical procedures performed in the URead MoreAbortion : The Issue Of Abortion1455 Words   |  6 Pagesstates could not restrict the right for a woman to have an abortion. Although more than forty years have passed, the controversy surrounding abortion rages on. Many different arguments are used in order to attack or defend abortion. It’s important to look at each of these from as objective of a lens a possible to keep bias, while unavoidable, to a minimum. Essentially each side of this argument boils their points down to be as follows, abortion should be included in a woman’s constitutional right toRead MoreAbortion And The Issue Of Abortion2577 Words   |  11 PagesThe history of abortion in the United States is more complex than most people imagine. Abortion and issues surrounding abortion are involved in intense political and public debate in the United States, law varies from state to state with regards to state legislature of abortio n. Until 1973, the control of abortion, was almost entirely in the hands of the government of the state. (Vile. M. J. C, 1999, P203) The focal legal debate surrounding the issue of abortion is whether a foetus has aRead MoreAbortion And The Issue Of Abortion1946 Words   |  8 Pagesways of looking at the issue of abortion are most easily categorized into five major points, legal precedence, birth control issues, human rights, religion and when life begins. Based on both empirical and moral claims, a wide spectrum of views supporting either more or less legal restriction on abortions has emerged in America. While advocacy groups define the issue through its constitutionality and its moral views represented by their constituents, politicians define the issue by party lines, generallyRead MoreAbortion : The Issue Of Abortion1212 Words   |  5 PagesThe topic of abortion has been an ongoing debate for many years. According to ProChoice.org, abortion was legal in in the days of the early settlers. At the time that the constitution was adopted abortions were legal. Abortions were openly advertised and performed before the first fetal movement (13-16 weeks from the start of a women’s last period). The concern for abortion started in the late 1800’s when immigrants were coming into the country in large numbers and the fear was that they would produce

The Heroic and Honorable Knight in The Canterbury Tales...

Knights are one of the most mistaken figures of the medieval era due to fairytales and over exaggerated fiction novels. When medieval knights roamed the earth, it was known that they were only human and, like humans, had faults. These knights did not always live up to the standards designated by society. However, in The Canterbury Tales, the knight is revealed as a character that would now be considered a knight in shining armor, a perfect role model in how he acts and what he does. Modern day people see them as chivalrous figures instead of their actual role as mounted cavalry soldiers. As time passes, the idea of what a knight is changes from a simple cavalry soldier to a specific type of behavior. Historically, knights were not very†¦show more content†¦In The Canterbury Tales, the knight is a modern type of knight. Although the description of this character’s personality is vague, it is not hard for modern day people to visualize him. In the prologue, it mentions that the knight follows the five basic ideals that a good knight should possess: â€Å"chivalry, Truth, honour, generousness, and courtesy† (Chaucer 4). The knight fought in the Crusades, wars in which Europeans traveled by sea to non-Christian places and tried to convert people’s culture by brute force, which was considered noble and brave hearted. From his love of the five basics ideals previously mentioned to his impressive military career, the knight is a perfect example of how a knight should be represented. Indirectly, the tale is discussing both the knight and the idea of how a knight should be. The tale does not describe much about the knight as in physical appearances and charac teristics of this knight but as the tale comes to an end, the book starts to unfold how this story connects with this character. The tale itself is not important yet it’s what the tale represents that is important, such as pursuing courtly love, risking death, and respecting women. All of the previously mentioned attributes are ones that knights should possess to achieve expected standards. A knight’s characteristics are usually described by using power and authority but, in actuality, the knight is just a servant to a higher authority. AnShow MoreRelatedThe Canterbury Tales By Geoffrey Chaucer1073 Words   |  5 PagesIn The Canterbury Tales, Geoffrey Chaucer introduced and described a variety of fictional characters that lived in the Middle Ages. It was the time period that European civilians were governed by a system called feudalism. Where kings were the head of the system and everyone was categorized in social classes. In the prologue of The Canterbury Tales the first character introduced was the knight. Geoffrey Chaucer depicts the knight correctly by characterizing him as a chivalrous and honorable man, whichRead More Anglo-Saxon Values Essay488 Words   |  2 Pages Throughout the Anglo-Saxon and Middle Age periods the main characters always had a similar established value; honor. This value is prominent in Beowulf, â€Å"The Seafarer†, and The C anterbury Tales. Each of the main characters portray honor either to himself, his followers, his king, and/or his God. These poems are the different aspects of honor intertwined together to form the most prevailing value during this time frame. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Beowulf is a story of a brave warrior who fightsRead MoreThe Canterbury Tales, by Geoffrey Chaucer1582 Words   |  7 Pages Geoffrey Chaucer wrote the Canterbury tales a collection of short tales in the 14th century. The compilation of stories are told by different characters within the narrative as part of a game proposed by the host. Each individual must tell two stories on their journey and two stories on their way back. Each story tells some aspects of English life during the time and often added satire like qualities to the English life. In particular Chaucer often tells stories with elements of the relationshipRead MoreChivalry And Courtly Love In The Knights Tale1140 Words   |  5 PagesIn The Canterbury Tales, Geoffrey Chaucer tells â€Å"The Knight’s Tale†, a story of the two knights Palamon and Arcite who fall deeply in love with Princess Emily, a member of Theseus’ kingdom. Even though both knights are imprisoned within a tower, each finds a way to escape jail and try to win Emily. Ultimately, this leads to a duel between the two knights for which the prize is the hand of Emily. Chaucer uses the knights to reflect the very male-oriented time period through the strong chivalry andRead MoreLiterature Reflecting Religious and Political Ideals3433 Words   |  14 Pagesa pagan hero with supernatural powers who had been turned into a Christian knight and holy warrior by the time the story was written down in the 9th Century. His mission is also Christ-like in that he sacrifices his life to defend the people against Grendel and his mother the Dragon or Devil. The Green Knight is a story from the High Middle Ages (1000-1300 AD), which is commonly thought of as an age of chivalry and knights in shining armor. In popular culture, this remains the most popular and persistentRead MoreEssay about A Knights Tale1672 Words   |  7 PagesThe Canterbury Tales begin with The Knight’s Tale; which chronicles the tragic love triangle of Palamon, Arcite and Emilye. The following tale, which is told by the Miller, is also a love triangle, and is in many ways si milar to the Knight’s tale. However, the Miller’s tale sharply contrasts the Knight’s, almost parodying it. The Knight’s tale is a tragic of nobility, heritage and focuses heavily on mythology and astrology, whereas The Miller’s tale is a comedy, focusing on the common-man and hisRead MoreDiscuss the Relationship Between Appearance and Reality and the Issues This Involves in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight and ‘the Franklin’s Tale’.2721 Words   |  11 Pagesrelationship between appearance and reality and the issues this involves in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight and ‘The Franklin’s Tale’. Judging a Book by its Cover The appearance of a situation, person or place may sometimes be at total odds with its actual reality, and thus change previous conceptions held of a thing or person. In Sir Gawain and the Green Knight and Chaucer’s The Franklin’s Tale, not only are there illusions throughout the tale’s themselves, but the reality of the story and itsRead More Epic of Beowulf Essay1818 Words   |  8 Pageswill refer to all of these ideas, the way it did when the term was introduced into english. If all things are to be considered this short essay would turn into a book. I would like to compare and contrast Beowulf, Lanval, and Sir Gawain and the Green Knight with some of the modern day creations especially in looking at the values, and belief systems in all of the three â€Å"classic† stories. I will apologize in advance to those who will read this and are not familiar to the texts that are mentioned, due

A Study of Religion in Politics - 3234 Words

Policy, Elections, and People A Study of Religion in Politics Introduction Religion has always played a large role in politics. Religion has played a role in the division of parties, political policy, and in influencing voters to vote for a particular candidate. It is presumed that religion has existed since the beginning of time and that it stills holds a prominent position in what occurs in today’s society. Religion, no matter what belief a person may have, often regulates what a person believes, what they consider right and wrong, and also governs the decisions that they will make. These aspects are what make religion a very â€Å"touchy† subject when it comes to politics. Politicians are often asked about certain issues and topics†¦show more content†¦According to her, it often surprises a lot of people when they find out just how prominent religion proves to be in the election itself (Himmelfarb 1). â€Å"Both in society and in the polity, Religion not only has power and influence in politics but also plays a huge role in elections and who will gain power in our Democratic system† (Himmelfarb 1). According to Michael Barone in his article Dividing the Religious Vote published in U.S. News, the lines that divide American voters most deeply are not economics, gender, ethnicity, or even race, but religion. In 1992, the five- percent gender gap and the 24 percent gap between top and bottom level income groups were dwarfed by the gap among voters of different religions. To enlighten us as to voting habits of people with faith, Barone gives the example of Jews and those who areof no religion. Seventy-percent of them voted along Democratic lines while evangelical Protestants were 70 percent Republican. Similar results have appeared in both 1994 and 1996 polls (Barone 1). The power that these religious groups have is also evident in Barone’s article. Barone brings to us facts about the 1988, 1992, and 1996 elections. He states that presidential candidatesShow MoreRelatedCliff ord Geertzs Focus on the Power of Religion1160 Words   |  5 Pageson the symbolic power of religion. He has talked about the fact that it is the symbolic power of religion that has a strong influence on the people. It is the religion, in accordance to Clifford that helps the people in understanding the place that the people have in the world. The actions that are undertaken by the people are also defined by the religion. Based on the arguments that have been given by Clifford, it can be added here that there is a great effect of religion and the religious valuesRead MoreReligion And Its Impact On Society1163 Words   |  5 PagesReligion has created major turmoil in America. Every night on the news, specialists elaborate more and more about the candidates and their ideas. Many of the most controversial issues are refugees, terrorism, and abortion; all of which all have aspects dealing with religion. This is a sharp contrast to the supposed â€Å"separation† of church an d state in America, since citizens are electing the next president based on his religion-based opinions. These opinions are often altered through the instantaneousRead MoreReligion And Religion Essay1314 Words   |  6 PagesReligion is universal. Although people may have different ideologies and practices, everyone believes in something, whether they deem it their religion or not. In this way, religion is a powerful connection between all of humanity; thus, it is important to understand the people behind religion and how their unique characteristics correlates with and influences religion—whether that be their social class, ethnicity, gender, or politics. However, ethnicity and gender, along with the closely linkedRead MoreReligion : The United States And The European Union1648 Words   |  7 Pages Religion is as old as human civilization itself. It has survived millennia in various forms shaping the way that we live, impacting our decisions and making us who we are. Re ligion permeates and influences virtually every aspect of our lives and governs both our individual and collective life (Hajizadeh, 2013). Religion plays an integral role in every country whether it is a third-world country, such as some African or Middle Eastern countries, or industrialized capitalist countries like the UnitedRead MoreGender And Religion Essay1175 Words   |  5 PagesIntersections of Gender and Religion in Political Participation In the body of political science research, there is a world of information about how female candidates running for office affect the likelihood of women to be politically active. There is also a significant amount of data regarding both candidate religion and religiosity and how these factors could impact their likeability and send subtle messages to voters. However, there is not enough research that has been done on the intersectionRead MorePolitical Parties : Politics, And Religion1480 Words   |  6 PagesI started my search based off my long held interest in politics, and the issues that affect the way we govern. So I boiled that down to the entities that decide when and what we govern. Political Parties. After I had my subject I looked at the three things I believe political parties play a role in. The three areas of interest I chose were our political parties role in our history, economics, and religion, and what factors in those areas determine how political parties’ f unction. The first areaRead MoreDoes Religion Cause War? Essay1239 Words   |  5 PagesReligion has its shares of promoting violence. Many will argue that a cause of religion wars is for economic and political reasons, but others argue that those who start wars are, by definition, not religious. In reality, separating religion out of economic and political motives can be involved in such a way finding religious motives innocent of much. Excuses for Christianity responsibilities cannot be accepted whether the person has misappropriated the message of Christ. The primarily set of doctrinesRead MoreTheoretical Perspectives Essay: . Sociology Is The Scientific990 Words   |  4 PagesTheoretical Perspectives Essay: Sociology is the scientific study of how humans and groups behave socially and how they, as a whole, change over time. Through the examination of the scientific side of sociology, the understanding of the social world can be shown more clearly. Within the study of sociology, there are two main branches: micro and macro. Micro sociology is looking at the individual and social interaction. Macro sociology focuses beyond social interaction and seeks to examine systemsRead MoreDifferent Values Of Peace And Toleration1521 Words   |  7 Pagesfavored this concept, he stated that, â€Å"the impulse behind the contextual secularism is to secure dignified life for all , prevent discrimination on grounds of religion, check religious bigotry and manage frendzied internecine conflicts that plunge societies in to an escalating spiral of violence and cruelty. The intermingling of religion and politics is permitted as long as helps meet these objectives but if any form of blending their amalga tion must be restricted. This contextual secularism recognizesRead MoreEssay on The Role of Religion in Foreign Policy1019 Words   |  5 PagesThe Role of Religion in Foreign Policy In order to best understand the role of religion in foreign policy, one needs to acknowledge that religion does play a role in foreign policy. However, the role religion plays in international relations is often overlooked. This omission of such an important factor that influences international politics in so many ways and on so many levels is detrimental and should be addressed (Fox, 2001:73). Religion influences international

Development of the communist t Essay Example For Students

Development of the communist t Essay If neither Marx or Engels never lived and written the books they did, former Soviet Union and China would probably be conducting their governmental systems in a different manner. Defined by Marx and Engels, the communist theory can be summed up in the single phrase: abolition of private property (Engels, Marx 80). Communists are distinguished by the lower working class which will rise to overthrow the higher supreme class (Engels, Marx 80). The second distinction can be found in the struggle of the proletariats against the Bourgeoisie, or the higher class (Engels, Marx 80). Marx and Engels state that society as a whole is more and more splitting up into the great hostile camps, or opposing classes; theProletariats and the Bourgeoisie (Engels, Marx 58). Political power, property so called is merely the organized power of one classoppressing another (Engels, Marx 95). Communism deprives no man of the power to appropriate the products of society; all that it does is to deprive him of t he power to subjugate the labor of others by means of such appropriation (Engels, Marx 86). Communists do not form a separate party opposed to other working class parties. There are ten measures needed to convert tocommunism (Engels, Marx 94). 1. Abolition of property in land and application of all rents of land to the public. 2. Heavy progressive income tax. 3. Abolition of all rights of inheritance. 4. Confiscation of the property of all emigrants and rebels. 5. Centralizing of credit in the hands of the state, by means of a national bank with a state capital. 6. Centralizing of the means of communication and transportation in the hands of the state. 7. Factories and production owned by the state and cultivation of wastelands. 8. Equal liability of all labor. Establishment of industrial armies, especially for agriculture. 9. Combining agriculture and manufacturing industries; abolition of distinction between town and country by a more equal distribution of the population. 10. Fre e education for all children in public schools. Abolition of childrens factory labor (Engels, Marx 94). According to Marx and Engels these were the ten steps to follow if you wanted your country to convert to communism. Marx and Engels had their influence in modern ideology because heads of state put their ideas into action in their own countries(Hacker 516). Words and phrases taken from Marx and Engels writings clearly constitute the ideology framework of communist power (Hacker 516). The former Soviet Union, China, and lesser communist states all claim to be guided by Marxist principles (Hacker 512). It would be wrong to say that two nineteenth century political theorists are responsible for the course of communism today. Communist leaders of the twentieth are responsible for keeping alive Marxist ideology (Hacker 516). Communist leaders have elected to utilize the books, pamphlets, letters and speeches of Marx and Engels as their official doctrine (Hacker 513). The leaders in communist states use perceptions of Marxism as merely an aid in motivating their citizens for thepursuit of political goals (Hacker 516). While Communist leaders dictate the words of Marx and Engels, they, themselves are t he ones to make and carry out plans (Hacker 516). The fact of the matter is that communist leaders are the interpreters of that Marxist ideology in their countries (Hacker 516). It has been proven that Plato had an influence on Rousseau, and Rousseau on Hugel, and Hugel on Marx and Engels (Hacker 515). The strength in an ideology is lies not only in its content of ideas but also in the spirit that moves it (Hacker 516). Obviously Marx and Engels wanted their ideas to be put to use. They condensed their theory so that their messages would move men to revolutionary activity (Hacker 515). Had a soviet power never emerged, the contribution of Marx and Engels to political theory would still be a major one (Hacker 517). In the Communist Manifesto, Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels applied the term communism to a final stage of socialism in which allclass differences would disappear (Payne 421). They declared that the course of history was discovered by the clash of opposing forces (Payne 4 21). These forces were rooted in the economic system and the ownership of property (Payne 421). The struggle between the Bourgeoisie and the Proletariat would end when the socialists started a revolution and attained a full communistic government (Payne 423). If the leaders of present day communist countries and the former communist countries were not guided by the principles of Marxand Engels they operation of the countries past and present would most definitely be different. It is true that each leader runs his country his own way, but the bottom line is that the foundation of their communist rule is rooted in the works of Marx and Engels. Without these two men the entire basis of communism and communist principles would be non-existent. .ufad2a38ffe8a0dfc398d6b9ae61299a0 , .ufad2a38ffe8a0dfc398d6b9ae61299a0 .postImageUrl , .ufad2a38ffe8a0dfc398d6b9ae61299a0 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ufad2a38ffe8a0dfc398d6b9ae61299a0 , .ufad2a38ffe8a0dfc398d6b9ae61299a0:hover , .ufad2a38ffe8a0dfc398d6b9ae61299a0:visited , .ufad2a38ffe8a0dfc398d6b9ae61299a0:active { border:0!important; } .ufad2a38ffe8a0dfc398d6b9ae61299a0 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ufad2a38ffe8a0dfc398d6b9ae61299a0 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ufad2a38ffe8a0dfc398d6b9ae61299a0:active , .ufad2a38ffe8a0dfc398d6b9ae61299a0:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ufad2a38ffe8a0dfc398d6b9ae61299a0 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ufad2a38ffe8a0dfc398d6b9ae61299a0 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ufad2a38ffe8a0dfc398d6b9ae61299a0 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ufad2a38ffe8a0dfc398d6b9ae61299a0 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ufad2a38ffe8a0dfc398d6b9ae61299a0:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ufad2a38ffe8a0dfc398d6b9ae61299a0 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ufad2a38ffe8a0dfc398d6b9ae61299a0 .ufad2a38ffe8a0dfc398d6b9ae61299a0-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ufad2a38ffe8a0dfc398d6b9ae61299a0:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Feminism Essay ThesisBIBLIOGRAPHYEngels, Friedrich, Karl Marx. The Communist Manifesto. Washington Square Press; New York: 1964. Hacker, Andrew. Political Theory: Philosophy, Ideology, Science. The Macmillian Company; New York: 1961. Heilbroner, Robert. Marxism, For and Against. W.W. Norton Company; New York: 1980. Payne, Robert. Marx. Simon and Schuster; New York: 1968.

The three waves of feminism free essay sample

The first wave of feminism took place in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, emerging out of an environment of urban industrialism and liberal, socialist politics. The goal of this wave was to open up opportunities for women, with a focus on suffrage. The wave formally began at the Seneca Falls Convention in 1848 when 300 men and women rallied to the cause of equality for women. Elizabeth Cady Stanton (d.1902) drafted the Seneca Falls Declaration outlining the new movements ideology and political strategies. In its early stages, feminism was interrelated with the temperance and abolitionist movements, and gave voice to now-famous activists like the African-American Sojourner Truth (d. 1883), who demanded: Aint I a woman? Victorian America saw women acting in very un-ladylike ways (public speaking, demonstrating, stints in jail), which challenged the cult of domesticity. Discussions about the vote and womens participation in politics led to an examination of the differences between men and women as they were then viewed. We will write a custom essay sample on The three waves of feminism or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Some claimed that women were morally superior to men, and so their presence in the civic sphere would improve public behavior and the political process. The second wave began in the 1960s and continued into the 90s. This wave unfolded in the context of the anti-war and civil rights movements and the growing self-consciousness of a variety of minority groups around the world. The New Left was on the rise, and the voice of the second wave was increasingly radical. In this phase, sexuality and reproductive rights were dominant issues, and much of the movements energy was focused on passing the Equal Rights Amendment to the Constitution guaranteeing social equality regardless of sex. This phase began with protests against the Miss America pageant in Atlantic City in 1968 and 1969. Feminists parodied what they held to be a degrading cattle parade that reduced women to objects of beauty dominated by a patriarchy that sought to keep them in the home or in dull, low-paying jobs. The radical New York group called the Redstockings staged a counter pageant in which they crowned a sheep as Miss America and threw oppressive feminine artifacts such as bras, girdles, high-heels, makeup and false eyelashes into the trashcan. Because the second wave of feminism found voice amid so many other social movements, it was easily marginalized and viewed as less pressing than, for example, Black Power or the effort to end the war in Vietnam. Feminists reacted by forming women-only organizations (such as NOW) and consciousness raising groups. In publications like The BITCH Manifesto and Sisterhood is Powerful, feminists advocated for their place in the sun. The second wave was increasingly theoretical, based on a fusion of neo-Marxism and psycho-analytical theory, and began to associate the subjugation of women with broader critiques of patriarchy, capitalism, normative heterosexuality, and the womans role as wife and mother. Sex and gender were differentiated—the former being biological, and the later a social construct that varies culture-to-culture and over time. Whereas the first wave of feminism was generally propelled by middle class white women, the second phase drew in women of color and developing nations, seeking sisterhood and solidarity and claiming Womens struggle is class struggle. Feminists spoke of women as a social class and coined phrases such as the personal is political and identity politics in an effort to demonstrate that race, class, and gender oppression are all related. They initiated a concentrated effort to rid society top-to-bottom of sexism, from childrens cartoons to the highest levels of government. One of the strains of this complex and diverse wave was the development of women-only spaces and the notion that women working together create a special dynamic that is not possible in mixed-groups and that would ultimately work for the betterment of the entire planet. Women, due whether to their long subjugation or to their biology, were thought by some to be more humane, collaborative, inclusive, peaceful, nurturing, democratic, and holistic in their approach to problem solving than men. The term eco-feminism was coined to capture the sense that because of their biological connection to earth and lunar cycles, women were natural advocates of environmentalism. The third phase of feminism began in the mid-90s and is informed by post-colonial and post-modern thinking. In this phase many constructs have been destabilized, including the notions of universal womanhood, body, gender, sexuality and hetreronormativity. An aspect of third phase feminism that mystifies the mothers of the earlier feminist movement is the readoption by young feminists of the very lip-stick, high-heals, and cleavage proudly exposed by low cut necklines that the first two phases of the movement identified with male oppression. Pinkfloor expressed this new position when she said; Its possible to have a push-up bra and a brain at the same time. The girls of the third wave have stepped onto the stage as strong and empowered, eschewing victimization and defining feminine beauty for themselves as subjects, not as objects of a sexist patriarchy. They have developed a rhetoric of mimicry, which reappropriates derogatory terms like slut and bitch in order subvert sexist culture and deprive it of verbal weapons. The web is an important aspect of the new girlie feminism. E-zines have provided cybergrrls and netgrrls another kind of women-only space. At the same time — rife with the irony of third-wave feminism because cyberspace is disembodied — it permits all users the opportunity to cross gender boundaries and so the very notion of gender has been become more problematic. This is in keeping with the third-waves celebration of ambiguity and refusal to think in terms of us-them or in some cases their refusal to identify themselves as feminists at all. Grrl-feminism tends to be global and multi-cultural and it shuns simple answers or artificial categories of identity, gender and sexuality. Its transversal politics means that differences such as those of ethnicity, class, sexual orientation, etc. and are celebrated but recognized as dynamic, situational, and provisional. Reality is conceived not so much in terms of fixed structures and power relations, but in terms of performance within contingencies. Third wave feminism breaks boundaries. Where feminism will go from here is unclear, but the point it that feminism, by whatever name, is alive and well both in academia and outside of it. Some older feminists feel discouraged by the younger generations seeming ignorance of or disregard for the struggles and achievements of the early movement. They see little progress (the pay gap has not significantly narrowed in 60 years), and are fearful that the new high-healed, red-lipped college grrls are letting us backslide. This, however, is not likely the case. There have always been feminisms in the movement, not just one ideology, and there have always been tensions, points and counter-points. The political, social and intellectual feminist movements have always be chaotic, multivalenced, and disconcerting; and lets hope they continue to be so; its a sign that they are thriving.

How to Make an Informative Essay Comparing Pollution in Space to Pullion on Earth Sample Topics

How to Make an Informative Essay Comparing Pollution in Space to Pullion on Earth Sample TopicsHow to make an informative essay comparing pollution in space to pullion on earth sample topics is an interesting question. For the past few years, both major political parties have discussed the issue of human space exploration and the policy making that need to take place in the next decade. While it may seem like a good idea to have the information ready to go in case there is a serious plan put into motion by the incoming administration, one has to ask how easy it would be to actually research and write the essay without taking a lot of time away from work, school or family obligations.The key to writing such a sample topic to make an informative essay comparing pollution in space to pullion on earth is not to write a thick and wordy essay that could take days. Of course, you need to write a fairly concise piece to get it out there, but too much information can make it difficult to read . If you're looking for an easy way to make an informative essay comparing pollution in space to pullion on earth, consider looking at an online source that has the content.You can research through such a website with ease since you can use the keyword search tool. You will also have the option to access more than one article source and bookmark them as a reference for later. Additionally, if you have any questions, you can email the website owner and they will promptly respond with the content to help you write your essay.Another approach to writing a sample topic to make an informative essay comparing pollution in space to pullion on earth is to look for a sample textbook or article on the topic. This will give you a pretty good idea of what topics to write about and how much information to include. You'll also have the option to access several different sources for the information.The best thing about doing this approach is that you'll be able to answer the question of how to mak e an informative essay comparing pollution in space to pullion on earth. You'll have the ability to check back and see how much research you did so far. In addition, if you have any questions, you can just email the writer and they will help you out.Not only that, but doing a sample topic to make an informative essay comparing pollution in space to pullion on earth is relatively simple. In fact, you can make this sample topic a more involved topic if you feel up to it. All you need to do is use the same keywords to identify the different facts included.By answering the question of how to make an informative essay comparing pollution in space to pullion on earth, you can see that it is possible to research in-depth, engaging material without getting bogged down. Additionally, it will help you think about what the topic is all about before you sit down to write. This will help you become a better writer.I hope you are starting to see how easy it is to write an informative essay compar ing pollution in space to pullion on earth. All you need to do is take the time to research and write. Additionally, you'll be surprised at how much this research can help you become a better writer.

The Role of the No Miracles Argument for Scientific Realism

Free Essays on China Country Briefing

1. Executive Summary China is a country that is developing day by day. China was a country that had problems with growth and struggled economically. It wasn’t until the early part of 2001, when China officially maintained a steady growth economically. There are records that would show that China had already achieved and surpassed the government’s declared target at seven percent growth; but figures from the Chinese government are often distorted to meet standards due to the governments’ involvement in business and the fiscal stimulus program. Now according to many analysts, China’s economy has achieved a â€Å"soft landing†. They did this by establishing a stable growth with low inflation. Even with this improvement in China’s economy many believe that with all of the hundreds of millions of people without employment who work for the nation’s state-owned sectors. There will not be enough investments and profit to resolve china’s structural problems. Since about 1980 the Chinese government has had a strong role in their economy. The government is the ultimate owner of State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs), which is mainly the Communist Party. They also control two thirds of an urban employment know as GDP. The government also has eliminated controls on the prices of goods such as transportation, grains, cotton, and coal. The government also sets all interest rates and financial institution fees. In terms of trade, china restricts many imports by setting high tariffs and taxes, trading rights restrictions, and a variety of other barriers. Due to the strict laws and tariffs china has to deal with smuggling. China is now working closely with the WTO to help its economy grow and become sable. They have now cut tariffs on many goods, along with reducing the number of goods with import quotas. China’s industrial sector is made up mainly by manufacturing, mining, and construction. Industrial makes up abou... Free Essays on China Country Briefing Free Essays on China Country Briefing 1. Executive Summary China is a country that is developing day by day. China was a country that had problems with growth and struggled economically. It wasn’t until the early part of 2001, when China officially maintained a steady growth economically. There are records that would show that China had already achieved and surpassed the government’s declared target at seven percent growth; but figures from the Chinese government are often distorted to meet standards due to the governments’ involvement in business and the fiscal stimulus program. Now according to many analysts, China’s economy has achieved a â€Å"soft landing†. They did this by establishing a stable growth with low inflation. Even with this improvement in China’s economy many believe that with all of the hundreds of millions of people without employment who work for the nation’s state-owned sectors. There will not be enough investments and profit to resolve china’s structural problems. Since about 1980 the Chinese government has had a strong role in their economy. The government is the ultimate owner of State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs), which is mainly the Communist Party. They also control two thirds of an urban employment know as GDP. The government also has eliminated controls on the prices of goods such as transportation, grains, cotton, and coal. The government also sets all interest rates and financial institution fees. In terms of trade, china restricts many imports by setting high tariffs and taxes, trading rights restrictions, and a variety of other barriers. Due to the strict laws and tariffs china has to deal with smuggling. China is now working closely with the WTO to help its economy grow and become sable. They have now cut tariffs on many goods, along with reducing the number of goods with import quotas. China’s industrial sector is made up mainly by manufacturing, mining, and construction. Industrial makes up abou...

Critically Evaluate why the Liquidity of a Firm is Considered Crucial Essay

Critically Evaluate why the Liquidity of a Firm is Considered Crucial Especially in the Growth Stage of a Company's Development - Essay Example Current paper focuses on a particular aspect of organizational performance: liquidity, a term used in order to show the potentials of an organization to meet its liabilities. Emphasis is given on the significance of liquidity in the growth stage of the company development. At the same time, efforts are made in order to identify the terms under which the changes in the financial statement of a particular organization can influence the organization’s value creation process. The literature published in regard to these issues has been reviewed and evaluated; it is made clear that the role of liquidity in the growth stage of the company development can be differentiated. As of the changes on a firm’s financial statements, these seem as unavoidable especially under the following terms: the value creation process of each organization is based on specific organizational data; changes on the particular data could influence the validity of the assumptions made in regard to the ec onomic status of the organization and its power within its industry. 2. Liquidity and company development - Why the liquidity of a firm is considered crucial especially in the growth stage of a company's development In order to understand the role of liquidity in the growth stage of a company development, it would be necessary to refer to the activities in which a company has to be involved during the specific phase. In accordance with Schmeisser, Clausen and Popp (2011), during its growth phase, a firm has to develop its activities covering the relevant costs; at this point, the following problem appears: the development of a company in its growth phase may be delayed due to a series of factors that cannot be easily controlled, such as the lack of capability of employees, failures in the communication of the organization with its customers or suppliers and so on (Schmeisser, Clausen and Popp, 2011). During the above period, the cash required for the completion of the firm’s projects can be increased while the profits achieved may be low, especially in the initial period of the firm’s growth. Therefore, the liquidity of the organization during the specific period may be low. In a different case, i.e. in case that the liquidity of the organization in its growth phase is high, it can be assumed that the prospects for the organization, in terms of its performance, are quite positive. Kapil (2011) notes that the level of liquidity of each organization should be periodically checked in order to ensure the status of the organization within its market. It is explained that for modern firms, liquidity reflects their ability to achieve their targets, no matter if they refer to the short or the long term. In the context of the above role, liquidity is described as an indicator of ‘the investments and assets of a firm that can be quickly converted to cash at any time or within one year’ (Kapil 2011, p.6). In the study of Arnold (2008) reference is made to the liquidity risk, which is described as the condition in which the organization is not able to retrieve the cash necessary for covering its liabilities. Moreover, Singla (2007) notes that in the growth sta

Corporate Social Responsibility Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5500 words

Corporate Social Responsibility - Essay Example The paper tells that business organizations themselves realize that they owe a commitment towards the society which gives them an opportunity to establish themselves, expand their operations and finally generate profits out of their activities. In the opinion of Dahl, business enterprises are formed and sustained only as a form of a favored privilege of the Government and the society. Therefore, the social citizens will never consider the business firm as an enterprise which survives only for the purpose of making profits. The citizens through the State Government provide special rights, authorities, allowances and protections to the organizations and in return expect that the firms would undertake some activities to contribute to their well-being. Dahl emphatically declares that the existence of the business corporations is significantly dependent on the cooperation of the social citizens and therefore, enterprises have an obligation to make a positive contribution towards their liv ing conditions. Thus, firms implement various CSR functions to fulfill their commitment towards the society at large. From the definitions, it is evident that CSR refers to the relationship which the business corporations develop with the society within which they function. Authors Werther and Chandler have highlighted a unique aspect of the issue: CSR encompasses the commitment of the firms towards the society as well as the obligations of the social citizens towards the business corporations. In this context, society has been defined as an entity which encompasses all stakeholders and comprising groups that are involved in some way in the firm’s operations.... In the opinion of Dahl (1973), business enterprises are formed and sustained only as a form of a favored privilege of the Government and the society. Therefore, the social citizens will never consider the business firm as an enterprise which survives only for the purpose of making profits. The citizens through the State Government provide special rights, authorities, allowances and protections to the organizations and in return expect that the firms would undertake some activities to contribute to their well-being. Dahl emphatically declares that the existence of the business corporations is significantly dependent on the cooperation of the social citizens and therefore, enterprises have an obligation to make a positive contribution towards their living conditions. Thus, firms implement various CSR functions to fulfill their commitment towards the society at large (Banerjee, 2008 p.12). How does a firm decide on its CSR From the definitions, it is evident that CSR refers to the relat ionship which the business corporations develop with the society within which they function. Authors Werther and Chandler have highlighted a unique aspect of the issue: CSR encompasses the commitment of the firms towards the society as well as the obligations of the social citizens towards the business corporations. In this context, society has been defined as an entity which encompasses all stakeholders and comprising groups that are involved in some way in the firm’s operations. The stakeholders of a corporate organization include the â€Å"consumers, employees, suppliers, creditors and supervising authorities. The local community citizens and the environment agents are also considered as the

Iraq and Italy Essay Example for Free

Iraq and Italy Essay Iraq has a long history of wars and invasions. The history of the land and its people goes back to more than 5000 years. Iraq has the worlds richest known archaeological sites. The ancient Mesopotamia and the first civilization appeared in the valleys of Iraq. Immigration of people from other parts of the world and invasions by powerful rulers never provided the stability needed by the country. The West Asia and Middle East region always remained vulnerable to foreign attacks and Iraq was no exception. Historical Background Iraqs geographical locations always made it a soft target for the foreign invaders. The lack of stone in the country had hindered the building of roads. As a result, most parts of Iraq were isolated from the main part of the country. The agricultural potential of its river valleys had attracted waves of ethnically diverse migration. Its true that the influx of people has enriched Iraqi culture. However, it also disrupted the countrys internal balance. The conflicts and wars have been a part of Iraqi history since the very beginning of its establishment. Situation in the Arabian region changed dramatically after Abu Bakr became the fist Caliph in 632 AD after the death of Muhammad. â€Å"The foundation of Islam in Iraq was laid down by Khalid Ibn Al Walid in 634 AD after a conflict with the local tribes. The Arabian conquest opened the beginning of conflicts, wars and invasion in Iraq that continued for centuries† (Lewis, 1997: 71). The most important event in Iraq came in the form of the Mongol invasion in 1250s that changed the landscape of the country to a great extent. The Mongol Invasion Mongol invasion was the most important even occurred in Iraq in the 13th century. â€Å"Genghis Khan was the most powerful ruler of the Mongol empire. Before dying in 1227 AD, he divided the Mongol empire between his four sons. His third son Ogotai was given the charge of the conquered lands of Persia and China. The Abbasid caliph Mustansir managed to foil Mongol invasion several times between 1226 AD and 1242 AD. However, after 1251, Mongols became united and more organized to launch renewed onslaughts on Iraq and Syria† (Simons, 1996: 171). â€Å"In 1257, Mongols led by Hulagu reached Hamadan. Hulagu sent an ultimatum to the caliph Mustasim in Baghdad to surrender before the Mongols. However, Mustasim refused to accede to any such demand and the large Mongol army reached Baghdad on 18 January 1258† (Simons, 1996: 171). The Mongols also began mobilizing the slave prisoners. The massive bombardment by Mongols destroyed the defense system in Baghdad. â€Å"Mongol forces comprised of Engineers who broke the irrigation dykes to flood the city. Many panic-stricken inhabitants were drowned in the flooded water† (Lewis, 1997: 82). Ultimately, Mustasim and his army surrendered before the Mongols. â€Å"The caliphs army was massacred on the plain. The inhabitants of the city were also hacked to death. Then the Mongol soldiers plundered the palaces, mosques and all other establishments in Baghdad. It was estimated that about eight hundred thousands men, women and children were killed in the mayhem. Mustasim and his sons were also killed. The Abbasid caliphate was completely eliminated by the Mongols. Hulagu made a pyramid of the skulls of Iraqs scholars, religious leaders and poets† (Simons, 1996: 172). All the glories of medieval Iraq were reduced to ruins. In the wake of the Mongol invasion, Iraq lost its commercial importance. Baghdad had been a center of trade for a long period. The invasion pushed Baghdad into political chaos and economic depression. The irrigation system of the country was destroyed by the Mongols, which badly hit the agriculture and food production. Iraq after the Mongol Invasion The Mongol invasion put a halt to the construction process undergoing in the country. â€Å"The Mongols applied tribute taxes on the local rulers that were very heavy. Those taxes hindered the economic development of the country for years. According to the account of William of Rubruck, the Franciscan monk, most skilled craftsmen and weavers were taken to Mongolia from Iraq and other parts of the Middle East† (Dawson, 1980: 101). The move had a positive impact on Mongolian economy. However, the craft and textile industry in Iraq were badly affected. Impact on the Islamic Culture The Mongol invasion left the Islamic culture in disarray. The Islamic world never managed to regain its lost glory. The six centuries of Islamic scholarly resources, culture and infrastructure were destroyed as the invaders burned libraries and demolished educational institutions. â€Å"The Mongolian rulers between 1258 and 1335 demolished mosques and built Buddhist temples in their place. At the end of 13th century, Gaykhatu attempted to introduce paper money. That virtually destroyed trade in the region† (Simons, 1996: 172). The Mongol invasion brought one positive result for the Islamic culture. Although the Mongols launched initial onslaughts on Islamic traditions, at a later stage, they adopted the culture into their empire. Islam became an official religion of the Mongolian empire towards the end of Mongol rule in Iraq. The rich culture and tradition of the Islamic world spread to Mongolia and other parts of the world during the Mongol rule. Italy, An Introduction History of Italy revolves around the great Roman civilization that was founded in the 9th century BC. For centuries, Italy has been hailed as the cradle of the Renaissance. It was the birthplace of the most intellectuals and talents of the early modern age. The revolutionary ideas that guided the people in different parts of the world were generated in Italy. Poets, writers and philosophers played an important role in enriching the culture of the country. Italy has produced some of the great personalities like Petrarch, Pico, Boccaccio, Sacchetti, Sercambi, Masuccio, Leonardo Da Vinci, Michelangelo and Machiavelli. Italy in the 13th Century AD â€Å"The last great Roman emperor Frederick II clashed with the papacy to popularize his reform process. He represented the Staufen power and his main base was Sicily. His main objective was to restore imperial rights in Italy. The new Pope, Innocent IV, claimed that Rome is unsafe under Frederick II. He summoned a council in Lyons where the emperor was deposed. Frederick died in 1250† (Holme, 1992: 236). Even after the death of Frederick, his son Manfred continued to rule in Sicily and vociferously opposed the papal authority. He led the anti-papal movement in Italy. â€Å"Manfred was killed in the battle of Benevento in 1266. Fredericks grandson, Conradin continued to fight, but he too was killed in the battle of Tagliacozzo in 1268. With his death, the Staufen power in Italy came to an end† (Hyde, 1973: 110). The popes and papal curia have been the main power center in Italy. However, when other European counties established self-government, a similar movement took place in Italy. â€Å"The uprising taken place in 1143 invoked the Senate of Rome. The movement was endorsed by the papacy. In the late 12th Century, Popes won the right to appoint the Senators. They held the economic, political and spiritual power of the country† (Hyde, 1973: 115). The popes were always dependant on others military resources in order to execute their policies. The pope invited the French kings brother Charles to oppose Manfred in southern Italy. That laid the foundation of French-papal alliance that lasted for three generations. Sicily was very significant for the popes from the political perspective. The establishment of a foreign rule resulted in large-scale resentment among people and the political class. â€Å"The bloody revolution of the Sicilian Vespers in 1282 pushed the country into a fresh conflict. The Angevins were champions of the papal cause in Italy. The involvement of the Angevins and the Aragonese in Italys internal affairs was responsible for the immediate provocation for the majority of people† (Holme, 1992: 238). The papacy was the first European power to experience the sharp rise in the cost of warfare in the thirteenth century. Innocent III initiated the administrative reforms and the extension of papal control over the Church. The followers of the pope launched crusades against Christians who opposed the papal. The second half of the 13th century witnessed power struggle for the supremacy of the church. â€Å"When Boniface VIII became the pope after the resignation of Celestine V, he was the twelfth pope to be elected in forty years. Boniface was an Angevin candidate. He demonstrated his desire to fulfill personal and dynastic interests. Boniface launched a crusade against the Colonna family, who were his rivals. He did not maintain good terms with his natural allies and improved the relationship with the French king, Philip the Fair† (Hyde, 1973: 121). â€Å"Boniface VIII endorsed the first Jubilee or Holy Year in 1300. That brought a large number of visitors to the country and generated huge profits. The idea became very popular and Jubilees were held in Rome every 50 years until the end of 15th Century. Then the interval was reduced to 25 years† (Holme, 1992: 239).